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Do you know what 从句问句怎么用:外层倒装,内层别倒装

Do you know what 从句问句怎么用?别写成 Do you know what is...。用 3 步分清外层 Do you know 和内层 what + 主语 + 动词,拿走 9 个改句例子。

Do you know what 从句问句怎么用Do you know what 后面接什么Do you know what 语序what 从句问句间接问句语序what blows my mind 怎么用

Do you know what 从句问句最容易错在两层问句混在一起。正确思路是:外层 Do you know 负责提问,内层 what + 主语 + 动词 说明你问的内容。比如 What did she say? 放进去,要说 Do you know what she said?,不要说 Do you know what did she say?

Do you know what 从句问句的两层结构示意,外层提问,内层使用陈述语序。

先记住一句话

你可以先把它拆成两层:

Do you know + what + 主语 + 动词?

外层是一个 yes/no 问句:

Do you know ...?
你知道……吗?

内层是它真正想问的内容:

what she said
她说了什么

合起来就是:

Do you know what she said?
你知道她说了什么吗?

这句话里只有外层用 Do you know 的问句结构。what she said 不再写成 what did she say

为什么不是 Do you know what did she say?

Cambridge Grammar 在讲 indirect speech 和 reported wh-questions 时说明,间接问句里的 wh-clause 用 statement form,也就是主语 + 动词的陈述语序。Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries 也把 indirect question 解释为 reported question,例如 She asked where I was going 这类结构。

所以你直接问别人时,可以说:

What did she say?
她说了什么?

但你把这个问题放进 Do you know 后面时,就要改成:

Do you know what she said?
你知道她说了什么吗?

不要写:

Do you know what did she say?

这里不是中文顺序的问题,而是英语把一个问题嵌进另一个句子后,里面那层通常不再保留疑问句倒装。

3 步改出 Do you know what 从句问句

第 1 步,先确定外层问题

如果你想问“你知道……吗”,外层先固定成:

Do you know ...?

更礼貌一点可以换成:

Could you tell me ...?

但本文先练最常见的 Do you know

第 2 步,保留 what,后面改成陈述语序

把直接问句放进来时,先保留 what,再把后面改成主语 + 动词。

直接问句放进 Do you know 后不要这样写
What did she say?Do you know what she said?Do you know what did she say?
What does he want?Do you know what he wants?Do you know what does he want?
What are they doing?Do you know what they are doing?Do you know what are they doing?

注意第三句里的 are 没有消失,因为它是进行时的一部分。变化的是顺序:are they doing 变成 they are doing

what 作宾语和 what 作主语时的 Do you know 问句语序对比。

第 3 步,检查 do、does、did 有没有多留

很多错句不是少词,而是多留了 do / does / did

What does he want?
Do you know what he wants?

does 原本只是帮直接问句倒装。放进 Do you know 后面,内层回到陈述语序,动词要变成 wants

过去时也一样:

What did she say?
Do you know what she said?

不要把 did 留在里面。

Do you know what blows my mind 怎么理解?

这个场景可以用一个自然表达:

Do you know what blows my mind?
你知道什么让我觉得特别震撼吗?

Cambridge Dictionary 把 blow someone's mind 解释为让人觉得非常兴奋、不同寻常。Oxford 也把 blow your mind 标为 informal,表示带来强烈的愉悦或震惊感。

这句话和 What did she say? 有一点不一样:whatwhat blows my mind 里可以当从句主语。也就是说,what 本身就是“让我震撼的东西”。

所以现在时可以说:

Do you know what blows my mind?

如果你说的是过去某件事让我震撼,用过去式:

Do you know what blew my mind?

不要写成:

Do you know what is my mind?

blow my mind 是一个固定搭配,不是 be my mind

what 作宾语和 what 作主语,怎么判断?

初学时先看 what 后面有没有另一个主语。

what 后面有主语

如果 what 后面马上出现 she / he / you / they 这类主语,通常按陈述语序改:

What did she say?
Do you know what she said?

What does he want?
Do you know what he wants?

What are you looking for?
Do you know what you are looking for?

这里的 what 多半是宾语,真正的主语是 she / he / you

what 自己就是主语

如果 what 后面直接跟动词,what 可能就是主语:

What happened?
Do you know what happened?

What caused the problem?
Do you know what caused the problem?

What blows your mind?
Do you know what blows your mind?

这时不要硬加 doesWhat happened? 不是 What did happen? 的普通版本,放进 Do you know 后仍然是:

Do you know what happened?

和 I don’t know what 有什么区别?

Do you know what... ? 是问别人知不知道。

Do you know what she said?
你知道她说了什么吗?

I don't know what... 是说自己不知道。

I don't know what she said.
我不知道她说了什么。

两者内层语序一样,都是 what + 主语 + 动词。区别只在外层:一个是 Do you know 提问,一个是 I don't know 陈述。

你可以把它们放在一起练:

中文问别人说自己不知道
她说了什么Do you know what she said?I don’t know what she said.
他想要什么Do you know what he wants?I don’t know what he wants.
发生了什么Do you know what happened?I don’t know what happened.

用逐句练习把语序练顺

不要只背“宾语从句用陈述语序”这句话。更有效的是把 9 组句子按节奏练熟。

  1. 先听直接问句:What did she say?
  2. 再听嵌入问句:Do you know what she said?
  3. 单句循环 3 到 5 遍,重点听 what she said,不是 what did she say
  4. 做听写,把 do / does / did 是否多留作为自查点。
  5. 最后影子跟读,把 Do you know 和内层从句连成一个自然句子。

在 Video Language Learn 里,可以用逐句精听和单句循环先听清句子,再用听写检查语序,最后做影子跟读。你真正要练的是“外层提问,内层陈述”这个口语反应。

9 个可以直接替换的例句

Do you know what she said?
你知道她说了什么吗?

Do you know what he wants?
你知道他想要什么吗?

Do you know what they are doing?
你知道他们在做什么吗?

Do you know what happened?
你知道发生了什么吗?

Do you know what caused the problem?
你知道是什么导致了这个问题吗?

Do you know what blows your mind?
你知道什么会让你特别震撼吗?

Do you know what blew my mind?
你知道什么让我当时特别震撼吗?

Do you know what I mean?
你知道我是什么意思吗?

Do you know what you are looking for?
你知道你在找什么吗?

常见错误

错误 1,把内层也写成问句

Do you know what did she say?

改成:

Do you know what she said?

错误 2,看到现在时就硬加 does

Do you know what does he want?

改成:

Do you know what he wants?

错误 3,把 blow my mind 拆错

Do you know what is my mind?

改成:

Do you know what blows my mind?
Do you know what blew my mind?

blow my mind 是“让我震撼、让我大开眼界”的口语搭配,不是 is my mind

FAQ

Do you know what 后面一定是宾语从句吗?

学习时可以先理解为 Do you know + wh-clause 或间接问句。它常常承担 know 的内容。比起纠结名称,更重要的是会把直接问句改成内层陈述语序。

Do you know what happened 为什么没有主语?

这里 what 本身可以作从句主语,意思是“发生的事情”。所以说 Do you know what happened?,不用再加 did

Do you know what blows my mind 是正式表达吗?

blow someone's mind 是 informal 表达,适合口语、社媒、朋友聊天或轻松表达。正式写作里可以换成 surprises meimpresses meamazes me,看语气选择。

参考资料

  • Cambridge Dictionary, English Grammar Today: Questions and reported wh-questions.
  • Cambridge Dictionary: blow someone's mind.
  • Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries: indirect question and blow your mind.

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FAQ

常见问题

Do you know what 后面能接疑问句语序吗?

通常不能。外层已经用 Do you know 构成问句,what 后面的内容要用陈述语序,例如 Do you know what she said?

Do you know what blows my mind 为什么不用 does?

因为 what 在从句里可以当主语,后面直接接动词。现在时第三人称单数用 blows,过去发生的事可以说 what blew my mind。

Do you know what 和 I don't know what 有什么关系?

两者都可以接 wh-clause,内层都常用陈述语序。区别是 Do you know 是在问对方是否知道,I don't know 是陈述自己不知道。

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